Steel, when exposed to moisture and oxygen, forms a crusty compound component called iron oxide — otherwise known as rust. The best way to remove rust would be never to allow steel to rust in the first place, by wiping it clean of body oils, employing paste wax and zinc to protect the surface, and also keeping it cool and dry. But once steel has started to rust, you need to remove it whenever possible, as rust will consume off and weaken the metal.
Put on a face mask and eye protection. A respirator is probably unnecessary.
Buff away loose rust flakes using steel wool or sanding instrument. Work in small, circular motions.
Apply acid-based rust remover to the steel using a clean shop rag. Set the dirty rag aside. Permit the remover to take a seat per manufacturer’s directions, and then wash it off with a clean shop rag.
Repeat Step 3 until the rust is completely removed.
Rub a thin film of silicone lubricant or paste wax, using a clean shop rag, across the surface of the steel to protect the metal from further afield.